Gas Prices Across the Country
December 22, 2007
The new legislation to input ethanol comes from environmental standards
that have been in place in some parts of the country for several years.
In some areas, gasoline was required to meet higher environmental
standards in order to reduce the amount of smog created by burning
gasoline. Producing this cleaner-burning gasoline caused problems in
refining, distribution and storage, which increases the cost of gas.
“The result of this targeted approach to air quality has been to create
gasoline market islands,” John Cook, director of the petroleum
division of the DOE’s Energy Information Administration, said before
the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce on
May 15, 2001.
Cook pointed at California and the Chicago and Milwaukee areas as primary examples of gasoline-market islands.
The clean-burning requirements in each of these areas are unique to
that individual area, and only a few refineries can produce the
specialized products. High demand, a supply problem at a refinery or a
problem with a pipeline can cause pricing in these areas to surge.
In California, the state government has set its own
reformulated gasoline rules that are stricter than the federally
mandated clean-gas laws. This is why Californians pay a higher price
for cleaner fuels — this, plus a local sales-and-use tax of 20
percent, an 18.4-cent-per-gallon federal excise tax and an
18-cent-per-gallon state excise tax. California’s distance from the
refineries located near the Gulf of Mexico can also add to the cost of
gasoline if it chooses to obtain gas supplies from those refineries.
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Photo courtesy Phillips Petroleum Company |
The other area where prices can far exceed the U.S. national average is the Midwest.
In 1999, the Midwest region became subject to new reformulated gasoline
rules. The Midwest uses a special gasoline that is produced using
ethanol instead of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Ethanol
is used in the Midwest because of the region’s abundance of corn, which
is the main raw material used to make ethanol. Few refineries outside
the region produce this type of reformulated gasoline, which means
there may often be a limited supply of the product. This is the same
problem resulting from the nationwide call for ethanol brought in the
spring of 2007.
Crude oil inventories have the single biggest effect on gas
prices, and the United States depends heavily on foreign oil supplies.
In January 2006, the United States imported over 9.1 million barrels
per day [Source: EIA].
We’ll look at exactly where that crude oil comes from next.
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Have we reached the energy tipping point?
December 22, 2007
By Manav Tanneeru CNN
(CNN) — In late June, the U.S. Senate passed an energy bill that would raise gas mileage standards for the first time in 20 years and fund research on alternative energy sources.
High gas prices and low mileage are among the factors behind an apparent shift in the nation’s energy debate.
The bill’s proponents call it a breakthrough in the nation’s energy debate, saying the focus is shifting from reliance on fossil fuels and foreign oil toward renewable fuels and green technology.
The measure comes amid another summer of high gas prices, state and local conservation efforts and a presidential campaign where voters and candidates say the issue is key.
So is a critical mass building among Americans and legislators for changes in U.S. energy policy? Or are these efforts simply blips on the radar as Americans continue to drive SUVs and Hummers?
A recent analysis by the Gallup Poll showed energy as Americans’ fourth most-important priority for Washington, below Iraq, terrorism and national security, and the economy.
The analysis also showed Americans prefer energy conservation over more production, and that a large majority also favors tightening emissions standards and developing alternative sources of energy.
When asked to rate the importance of issues in voting for a presidential candidate next year, 43 percent of Americans said gas prices would be “extremely important,” according to a May poll by Opinion Research Corporation. The percentage was tied with health care and below Iraq, terrorism and education.
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Democratic and Republican presidential contenders seem to have taken note of voters’ discontent.
“It’s a national security issue. It’s a health care issue,” Connecticut Sen. Chris Dodd, a Democrat, said during a CNN presidential debate in New Hampshire in June. He touted a plan that would require a standard of 50 miles per gallon for automobiles by 2017.
New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson, a Democrat, touted an “Apollo program” — referring to the 1960s effort that put men on the moon — that would reduce dependence on foreign oil by more than half and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent.
During the Republican presidential debate in New Hampshire two days later, many candidates said much the same thing.
Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, a Republican, also called for an “Apollo program” and said reducing foreign dependence on oil was intrinsically tied to national security.
“It’s frustrating and really dangerous for us to see money going to our enemies because we have to buy oil from certain countries,” he said. “We should be supporting all the alternatives.”
Former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney, a Republican, said oil companies ought to play a part in rebuilding old infrastructure, which would increase efficiency and possibly reduce costs.
“Big oil is making a lot of money right now, and I’d like to see them using that money to invest in refineries,” Romney said. “Don’t forget that when companies earn profit, that money’s supposed to be reinvested in growth and our refineries are old.”
President Bush, in his State of the Union address this year, announced an initiative to cut U.S. gasoline consumption by 20 percent over the next 10 years through a combination of alternative fuels and more efficient automobiles.
Several months later, during a speech at an Alabama nuclear energy plant, he also spoke of the promises of nuclear energy, coal, ethanol and cars that could run on rechargeable batteries.
Meanwhile, on the state and local level, several developments signal a possible shift among mayors, governors and state legislatures toward energy policies that focus more on renewable fuels and conservation measures.
Minnesota Gov. Tim Pawlenty, a Republican, announced the “25 by 25″ program last year, with a goal that 25 percent of the energy produced and used in the state come from renewable sources by 2025.
The Nevada legislature has voted to increase the percentage of renewable resources in how the state produces electricity in four out of the last five sessions, according to the National Governors Association.
Massachusetts Gov. Deval Patrick, a Democrat, announced a plan in late June to reduce high energy costs in the state within the next three years through conservation measures.
And New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg unveiled PlaNYC this summer, which includes 127 proposals to reduce greenhouse emissions by 30 percent by 2030 and a congestion charge for driving through certain parts of Manhattan.
When asked by CNN.com if efforts such as these were evidence of momentum toward a shift in energy policy, many readers said they were skeptical about the rhetoric of lawmakers and their political will.
“I can guarantee that whatever is ‘done’ will take place only to serve the benefits of those corporations directly affected by these issues,” wrote Ryan Bate of Portland, Oregon.
“Change in U.S. policy? You must be joking,” wrote Dean Cassano of Lakeland, Florida. “Washington is sold out to the environmentalists and tourists. The 1973 oil crisis did nothing to wake us up. We should have been drilling in [Alaska] and the Gulf ever since.”
Ilene Lopez of Vero Beach, Florida, questioned whether American society actually wanted change. “The critical mass for change is still not a reality since so many people are still buying into the bigger is better motto of America,” she wrote.
Cristian Crespo of Valley Village, California, said he found it ridiculous that automakers hadn’t yet come up with a way to combine fuel efficiency with luxury provided by a SUV.
“It’s not that Americans don’t want to be environmentally friendly, it’s just that we don’t have much of a choice,” he wrote. “As an SUV driver, telling me that my only alternative is a Toyota Prius or a Honda Civic is like telling me to eat beef jerky when I’m used to filet mignon.”
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Correct use For the MPG CAP
December 10, 2007
Hi Guys,the Correct use of the mpg cap is important..Please tell all your clients and distributors that this is the new formula..
MPG-CAPSTM
Use as directed on the chart below.
Do Not Exceed
the
Recommended
DosesCurrent Half Gram Caplet One Gram Caplet Conditioning
Dose
FIRST TANK
ONLYRegular
Dose
Every Tank
After First TankConditioning
Dose
FIRST TANK
ONLYRegular
Dose
Every Tank
After First Tank6-10 US Gallons,
23-40 Liters1 Caplet ½ Caplet ½ Caplet ¼ Caplet 11-15 US Gallons,
41-59 Liters1½ Caplet 1 Caplet ¾ Caplet ½ Caplet 16-22 US Gallons,
60-85 Liters2 Caplet 1½ Caplet 1 Caplet ¾ Caplet 23-28 US Gallons,
86-108 Liters2½ Caplet 2 Caplet 1¼ Caplet 1 Caplet 29-34 US Gallons,
109-130 Liters3 Caplet 2½ Caplet 1½ Caplet 1¼ Caplet 35-42 US Gallons,
131-159 Liters3½ Caplet 3 Caplet 1¾ Caplet 1½ Caplet
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New Report From Bosch
December 5, 2007
Download the Bosch report proving that the MPG-caps are very effective against emissions.Share This Listed under Tags: FFI|MPG
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Belgian report Intertek
December 5, 2007
Belgian report proving again the effectiveness of MPG-CAPS.
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